4.1 Understanding the organization and its context
Identify internal and external issues that affect your ability to protect information — e.g. market, regulation, technology, culture, climate considerations.
What auditors look for
A considered list of issues that clearly feeds into risk assessment.
Typical evidence
Context analysis (e.g. SWOT/PESTLE), management review minutes.
Playbook
4.1 Understanding the organization and its contextEvidence you need to provide
- A short document listing the internal and external issues that affect your security (for example growth plans, remote working, regulations, threats).
- Notes from the meeting where these issues were discussed and agreed.
- Proof the list is reviewed at least once a year, such as a review date or management review minutes.
- Management should be able to explain the main issues and how they shaped your security programme.
Policies & documents
View full guide: 4.1 Understanding the organization and its context
4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties
List the people and groups who care about your security (customers, regulators, staff, suppliers) and what they need from you, and which needs you'll address.
What auditors look for
Relevant parties identified, their requirements captured and linked to the ISMS.
Typical evidence
Interested parties register with requirements.
Playbook
4.2 Understanding the needs of interested partiesEvidence you need to provide
- A list of your interested parties (customers, staff, regulators, suppliers, investors) and what each one expects from you on security.
- Evidence of where these expectations came from, such as contracts, customer security questionnaires or laws.
- Proof the list is reviewed regularly.
- A note of which expectations you have decided to meet through your security programme.
- Be able to explain how a customer requirement turned into something you do.
Policies & documents
View full guide: 4.2 Understanding the needs of interested parties
4.3 Determining the scope of the ISMS
Decide and document what is in and out of the ISMS: locations, teams, systems, services, and interfaces.
What auditors look for
A clear, justified scope that matches reality and the certificate wording.
Typical evidence
ISMS scope statement.
Playbook
4.3 Determining the scope of the information security management systemEvidence you need to provide
- Your scope statement: which parts of the business, locations, systems and teams your security programme covers, and anything left out with the reason.
- A diagram or description showing connections to things outside scope (such as suppliers or a parent company).
- Proof the scope was approved by management.
- Be able to explain why anything is excluded.
Policies & documents
View full guide: 4.3 Determining the scope of the information security management system
4.4 Information security management system
Set up, run, maintain and keep improving the ISMS, including the processes it needs and how they interact.
What auditors look for
Evidence the whole system works as a joined-up cycle, not just documents.
Typical evidence
ISMS manual or process map, overall document set.
Playbook
4.4 Information security management systemEvidence you need to provide
- A simple overview of how your security programme works: its main processes and how they connect.
- Recent records showing the programme runs as a full cycle: risk assessment, controls, internal audit, management review and improvements.
- Your planning calendar showing when key activities happen.
- Be able to walk through the yearly cycle.
Policies & documents
- ISMS scope statement
- Information Security Policy (ISMS policy)
View full guide: 4.4 Information security management system